Influenza virus is a RNA virus that exists as different types and subtypes. Influenza A virus strains are known to cause disease in several bird and mammalian species. Wild birds are believed to constitute the natural reservoir for influenza A virus.In humans, influenza A virus causes yearly seasonal influenza epidemics of respiratory disease resulting in high morbidity and severe economic consequences. Due to the virus’ ability to change its antigenic properties by mutation, yearly vaccination is required for protection from the disease.There are many different subtypes of influenza virus which are characterized according to two surface structures…
Contents
1.0 Introduction
1.1 History and scientific progress
1.2 Structure and function
1.3 Genetic variability
1.4 Host specificity
1.5 Persistence and modes of transmission
1.6 Influenza A virus in man
1.7 Influenza A virus in other mammals
1.7.1 In pigs
1.7.2 In horses
1.7.3 In canines
1.7.4 In felines
1.7.5 In mink and ferrets
1.7.6 In seals and whales
1.8 Influenza A virus in domestic birds
1.9 Influenza A virus in wild birds
1.9.1 The wild bird reservoir
1.9.2 Geographic constraints
1.9.3 Species preference
1.9.4 Modes of transmission
1.9.5 Clinical picture and immunity
1.9.6 Enzootic cycle
1.9.7 Spread by wild birds
2.0 Aims of the study
3.0 Study design, populations and localities
3.1 Populations
3.2 Trapping methods
3.3 Measurements and sampling
4.0 Methodological considerations
4.1 Screening for influenza A virus;RNA-isolation and virus detection
4.2 Isolation of influenza A virus
4.3 Characterization of influenza A virus
4.3.1 Hemagglutinin and neuraminidase -inhibition tests
4.3.2 Serology
4.3.3 Immunization
4.3.4 Double immunodiffusion assays
4.3.5 Nucleotide sequencing and phylogenetic trees
5.0 Results and Discussion
5.1 Influenza A virus in different species of wild birds
5.2 Subtype distribution in wild birds
5.3 Seasonality and perpetuation in the wild bird reservoir
5.4 Geographic differences between wild bird populations
5.5 Relation between wild birds and outbreaks in poultry
6.0 Concluding remarks
Epilogue
Acknowledgements
Reference list
Author: Wallensten, Anders
Source: Linköping University
Download URL 2: Visit Now