BACKGROUND: Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is actually a ailment in which the infant is unable to achieve its genetic growth possibly caused by quite a few factors. IUGR foetuses are linked with high perinatal fatality and morbidity. This research looked into if hypoxia could possibly be involved during gestation, and whether hypoxia could have an effect on the growth and development of the placenta, through regulation of different angiogenic factors, like HIF-1_, VEGF, PIGF, VEGFR-1 and CD31.
METHOD: Just about every sample of placental tissue was stained by immunohistochemisty for HIF-1_, VEGF, PIGF, VEGFR-1 and CD31. The power of staining was rated and the difference between the normal term placentas and the Intrauterine growth restriction IUGR term placentas were analyzed.
RESULTS: HIF-1_ was discovered to be upregulated in the normal term placental tissue, and VEGFR-1 was discovered to be upregulated in the IUGR term placental tissue. The other antibodies didn’t indicate any major variation and PIGF didn’t show any positive staining.
CONCLUSIONS: Further research on hypoxia in Intrauterine growth restriction IUGR will probably be beneficial.
Contents
1.0 Introduction
1.1 The development of the placenta
1.2 Intrauterine growth restriction IUGR
1.3 Angiogenesis
1.3.1 The process of angiogenesis
1.4 Factors involved in angiogenesis
1.4.1 VEGF
1.4.2 VEGFR-1
1.4.3 CD31, also known as PECAM-1
1.4.4 HIF-1α
1.4.5 PIGF
1.5 Immunohistochemistry
1.6 Antigen retrieval
1.7 Aims of the project
2.0 Materials and Methods
2.1 Materials
2.2 Preparation of the samples
2.3 Haematoxylin and eosin staining
2.4 Antigen retrieval methods
2.5 Immunohistochemical protocol
2.6 Scoring of slides
3.0 Results
3.1 Haematoxylin and eosin staining
3.2 CD31
3.3 HIF-1α
3.4 PIGF
3.5 VEGFR-1
3.6 VEGF
4.0 Discussion
5.0 Conclusion
6.0 Bibliography……..
Source: Uppsala University Library
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