This work integrates three bodies of literature, namely that on corporate crime, environmental performance, and corporate citizenship. Traditionally, corporate crime researchers have failed to (1) measure environmental crime with self-reports and (2) integrate…
Contents
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
Bad Corporate Actors
Extreme Volunteerism
Corporate Citizenship
Current Study
CHAPTER 2: BACKGROUND AND LITERATURE
Corporate Crime: Definitions and Distinctions
Defining Corporate Citizenship
Etiology of Noncompliance
Performance Pressure
Organizational Structure
Corporate Culture
Etiology of Compliance
Costs and Benefits: Legal
Costs and Benefits: Extra-Legal
Other Plant-Level Explanations
Additional Plant Characteristics
Versatility of Offending
Environmental Management Style
Plant Variability
Summary: Plant and Firm Behavior
Unit of Analysis
Corporate Citizenship and Compliance
Sanctions and Recidivism
Firm-Level Literature
Plant-Level Literature
Summary: Firm and Plant Deterrence
Corporate Citizenship and Deterrence
CHAPTER 3: DATA COLLECTION AND MEASURES
Creating the Firm Universe
Changes in Compliance Over Time
Economic Data
Linking Companies to Facilities
Linking Facilities to the Environmental Data
Verifying Ownership and Tracking Changes Over Time
Data and Measures
Dependent Variables
Key Independent Variables
Prior Citizenship Measures
Improving Measurement
Current Citizenship Measures
Sanctions
Control Variables
Firm Financial Performance
Firm Structure
Additional Controls
Data and Sample Issues
CHAPTER 4: DESCRIPTIVE ANALYSIS AND RESULTS
Industry Descriptions
Pulp and Paper
Steel
Oil
Plant-Level Environmental Record
Full Sample: Dichotomous Violation Measure
Violators: Number of Violations
Full Sample: Compliance Ratio
Firm-Level Environmental Record
Full Sample: Dichotomous Violation Measure
Violators: Number of Violations
Full Sample: Compliance Ratio
Citizenship and Environmental Behavior: Bivariate Analysis
Full Sample: Dichotomous Violation Measure
Violators: Number of Violations
Full Sample: Compliance Ratio
Summary: Citizenship and Environmental Behavior Bivariate Results
Firm Characteristics and Environmental Behavior: Bivariate Results
Citizenship, Firm Characteristics, and Environmental Behavior: Multivariate Results
Full Sample: Dichotomous Violation Measure
Violators: Number of Violations
Full Sample: Compliance Ratio
Summary: Multivariate Results
Firm Citizenship, Sanctions, and Environmental Behavior
Violators: Number of Violations
Full Sample: Compliance Ratio
Summary: Firm Citizenship, Sanctions, and Environmental Behavior
CHAPTER 5: DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION
Theoretical and Policy Implications: Citizenship Results
Theoretical and Policy Implications: Other Results
Limitations
Directions for Future Research
Appendix
Works Cited
Author: Gibbs, Carole
Source: University of Maryland
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