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Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic disease that mainly strikes young people in working age, twice as many women than men falls ill. Approximately 85 % suffers from MS-related fatigue that divides itself from common fatigue in that way that it is persistent and does not disappear in spite of sleep.
The aims of this thesis were to evaluate caries-preventive measures from a societal perspective, to demonstrate the use of resources in preventive dentistry, to develop and discuss techniques suitable for evaluating dental care costs and outcomes, and to test costs and consequences within a health economic decision model adapted to preventive dental care.
Self-mutilation often starts in adolescence but is established through traumatic experiences in early childhood. The behavior is a conscious act that is performed to alleviate psychological pain, resulting in tissue damage. The patients often feel stigmatized and treated like objects when they need to feel supported and understood in the nursing care.
An increased risk for coronary heart disease among shift workers is earlier shown in the epidemiological literature. The aim of this thesis has been to penetrate metabolic disturbances and obesity among shift workers compared to day workers, and to compare if there are differences in total mortality or cause specific mortality of coronary heart disease
Weak and osteoporotic bones in old age are an increasing cause of mortality and painful physical impairment of the elderly, especially in the western world. Bone mineral accrual during childhood and adolescence is thought to play a vital role in preventing osteoporosis.
Different antibody derived constructs are rapidly advancing as putative tools for treatment of malignant diseases. Antibody engineering has added significant new technologies to modify size, affinities, solubility, stability and biodistribution properties for immunoconjugates.
Coeliac disease (CD) is considered to be the result of a complex interplay of intrinsic (genetic) factors and variable extrinsic (environmental) factors. The complex background of CD explains its wide spectrum of clinical manifestations. For a very long time CD was considered more or less a disease of childhood, which was extremely rare in adults. Nowadays we know that CD is one of the most common food intolerance disorders.
In patients consulting for chest pain, it is of great importance to evaluate the possibility of ischemic heart disease (IHD). The aims in this thesis were to investigate the accuracy of the general practitioners’ clinical assessments and the applicability of exercise testing and myocardial perfusion scintigraphy (MPS) in patients consulting for chest pain in primary care.
Tanzania is one of the countries in the world with the highest rates of HIV-infection. Since there is no cure, not even life prolonging drugs available for Tanzanians, HIV-prevention must focus on making people change behaviour; that is practice safer sex. This study explores how Tanzanian media workers approach the issues of HIV/AIDS and sexuality.
Apoptosis or programmed cell death is crucial for the resolution of inflammation, and phagocytosis of apoptotic cells initiates the release of actively anti-inflammatory responses from the phagocytes. Eosinophils are one of the most potent inflammatory cells in the body and is involved in a number of diseases, most commonly associated with parasitic infections and allergic diseases.