A long-period grating formed in a single-mode optical fiber or waveguide can cause light coupling between the guided mode and the co-propagating cladding modes at specific resonance wavelengths and, therefore, produce a transmission spectrum that consists of a series of rejection-bands centered at those wavelengths.
A long-period fiber grating (LPFG) allows light coupling between the guided mode and the cladding modes. The transmission spectrum of a typical LPFG contains a series of attenuation bands centred at discrete wavelengths, leading to extensive studies of its applications as an
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