The three evolutionarily related peptides neuropeptide Y (NPY), peptide YY (PYY) and pancreatic polypeptide (PP) are ligands to at least five G-protein coupled receptors in mammals, which are denoted by numbers. NPY has many physiological effects including stimulation of appetite and regulation of circadian rhythm and blood pressure. This work describes the ancient origin of the NPY receptor genes as deduced from molecular cloning of six receptors in four distantly related vertebrate species. Three of the receptors have been functionally expressed in vitro to determine ligand binding properties.The first Y2 receptor from any non-mammalian species was cloned from the chicken. The receptor was found to exhibit substantial structural and pharmacological differences to mammalian Y2, but showed similar anatomical distribution.A receptor was cloned in a primitive vertebrate, an agnathan fish, the river lamprey Lampetra fluviatilis…
Contents
INTRODUCTION
EVOLUTION AND THE VERTEBRATE
Birds
Advanced Bony Fishes
Sharks
Lampreys
MOLECULAR EVOLUTION
GENE DUPLICATIONS
NEUROSCIENCE AND G-PROTEIN COUPLED RECEPTORS
THE NPY PEPTIDE FAMILY
NPY
PYY and PMY
PP
NPY RECEPTORS
Y1
Y2
Y4
Y5
Y6
Ya and Yb/c
NPY receptors in invertebrates
RESEARCH AIMS
PAPER SUMMARIES: RESULTS AND CONCLUSION
Paper I
Paper II
Paper III
Paper IV
DISCUSSION
Chicken Y2
The teleost receptors
The Y1 subfamily in sharks
The lamprey Y receptor
NPY receptors in vertebrates
FUTURE PERSPECTIVES
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
REFERENCES
Author: Salaneck, Erik
Source: Uppsala University Library
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